Achieving integral health is a challenge that necessitates a diversified approach from different disciplines to achieve a coordinated impact on people’s health. Food and nutrition form an essentail part of this approach. This new book explores some important advances in the role of nutrition in integral health and quality of life, laying special emphasis on the challenges that humans face in this era of sedentary lifestyles, diseases associated with food consumption, and social, economic, environmental, and cultural crises. The volume discusses interdisciplinary approaches to nutrition, focusing on nutrition for children, the impact of nutrition on chronic noncommunicable diseases and gastrointestinal disorders, the nutritional profile of fermented foods and their health benefits, microstructured particles as bioactive compound carriers, and more. The book also offers an analysis of obesity and its dimensions, covering childhood obesity risks and challenges at home and at school, quality of life in adult patients with diabetes, the role of genetics and epigenetics in obesity, and more. The impact of nutrition on oral and dental health is also addressed in the book.